Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Protocol for detecting macrophage-mediated cancer cell phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101940

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gating strategy for in vivo phagocytosis assay A549 cells are used to construct a mouse subcutaneous xenograft model. The phagocytosis efficiency is represented by the percentage of GFP + F4/80 + CD11b + cells in total F4/80 + CD11b + cells.

Article Snippet: APC Rat Anti-Mouse CD11b (1:100) , SouthernBiotech , 1561-11.

Techniques: In Vivo, Phagocytosis Assay, Construct

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Protocol for detecting macrophage-mediated cancer cell phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101940

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: APC Rat Anti-Mouse CD11b (1:100) , SouthernBiotech , 1561-11.

Techniques: Recombinant, DNA Extraction, Red Blood Cell Lysis, Modification, Cell Culture, Software, Sterility, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Bio-protocol

Article Title: Nuclei Isolation Methods on Frozen Clotted Blood Samples

doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.5573

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Gating strategy for sorting singlets of B and T cells. (B) Sorted counts. Leukocytes were isolated from previously frozen blood clots and dissociated by following section A of this protocol. Cells were stained with an antibody panel targeting CD3, CD19, CD11b, and CD11c. Viability marker was not used due to interest in nuclei from subpopulations of non-viable leukocytes. After doublet exclusion and gating on height and area of cells, T-cell subsets were identified as CD3+ populations. B-cell subsets were identified as CD19+ populations. CD11b and CD11c were used to exclude monocytes. Single-stain controls were used for compensation. During this sort, we successfully sorted 57,894 T cells and 24,648 B cells. The full report is available in Supplementary material (Report S1).

Article Snippet: Flow cytometry antibodies (only applicable if flow sorting) a. FITC CD3 antibody (Miltenyi Biotec, catalog number: 130-113-700) b. PE CD19 antibody (Miltenyi Biotec, catalog number: 130-114-172) c. VioBlue CD11B (Miltenyi Biotec, catalog number: 130-110-616) d. APC CD11C (Miltenyi Biotec, catalog number: 130-114-110) e. Other antibodies (optional): Add other suitable antibodies to tailor the cell population of interest 3.

Techniques: Isolation, Staining, Marker

Journal: Cell Reports Methods

Article Title: Methods for culturing adult CNS neurons reveal a CNS conditioning effect

doi: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100255

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Following brain dissociation and neuronal isolation of cortical tissue isolated at PND60, samples were exposed to the following antibodies: Anti-O4-PE (Miltenyi, 130-095-887, human, mouse, rat clone: REA576); anti-CD45-VioBlue (Miltenyi, 130-109-199, mouse clone:REA737); anti-CD11b-VioBright-FITC (Miltenyi, 130-113-803, mouse clone: REA592); anti-ACSA-2-allophycocyanin (APC) (Miltenyi, 130-102-315, mouse clone: IH3-18A3); and CD11b-VioBright-FITC (Miltenyi, 130-109-368, mouse clone:REA592) according to manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control, Recombinant, Sterility, Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus secretome induces immunoregulatory transcriptional, functional and immunometabolic signatures in human THP-1 monocytes

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56420-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Conditioning with the LrS induces distinct morphological changes and increases the cell-surface expression of CD11b, CD11c, CX3CR1 and CD86 in THP-1 human monocytes. ( A ) Morphological confirmation of THP-1 monocyte differentiation into M2 macrophages following 72 h of conditioning with the LrS. Cells were stained with phalloidin-CF568 (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) ( B ) Histogram Overton subtraction was used to determine the relative number of cells expressing CD11b, CD11c, CD86, CX3CR1, or CD64 following conditioning with the LrS (red) over untreated (blue) controls. ( C ) Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of THP-1 cells expressing CD11b, CD11c, CD86, CX3CR1, or CD64 was used to confirm the results of the histogram Overton subtraction. Data shown is the mean of the MFI ± SEM (n = 3). Significance is indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 as determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: Anti-human APC CD11b , Tonbo , 20-0118 , ICRF44 , 0.2 μg/test.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus secretome induces immunoregulatory transcriptional, functional and immunometabolic signatures in human THP-1 monocytes

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56420-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: LrS and RA co-conditioning imprints an immunoregulatory profile in PD-THP-1 macrophages. Different letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05) as determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. ( A ) Gene expression in PD-THP-1 macrophages conditioned with l -lactic acid, RA, LrS and LrS + RA. The mean fold change expression (mean ± SEM ( n = 3)) was normalized to baseline expression in PD-THP-1 macrophages. ( B ) Cytokine production in PD-THP-1 macrophages conditioned with l -lactic acid, RA, LrS and LrS + RA. Bar graphs represent mean cytokine production (mean (pg/mL) ± SEM ( n = 3)) for IL-10, IL-1Ra, % active TGF-β1, total TGF-β1 and IL-8. ( C ) Expression of cell surface markers on PD-THP-1 macrophages conditioned with l -lactic acid, RA, LrS and LrS + RA. The histograms and Overton subtraction values were generated using FlowJo software. Overton subtraction values represent the percentage of cells expressing CD83, CD80, CD86, CD64, CD103, CD209, CD11b and CD11c. Histograms represent one of three biological replicates. Bar graphs represent mean MFI values (mean MFI ± SEM ( n = 3)). ( D ) Morphological changes in PD-THP-1 macrophages induced by RA and LrS co-conditioning over 48 h; PD-THP-1 macrophages were then stained with phalloidin-CF488.

Article Snippet: Anti-human APC CD11b , Tonbo , 20-0118 , ICRF44 , 0.2 μg/test.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Generated, Software, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus secretome induces immunoregulatory transcriptional, functional and immunometabolic signatures in human THP-1 monocytes

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56420-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies used for flow cytometry analysis.

Article Snippet: Anti-human APC CD11b , Tonbo , 20-0118 , ICRF44 , 0.2 μg/test.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Concentration Assay

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and Rab GTPases coordinate EGFR trafficking to regulate macrophage activation in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05370-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – F Macrophages were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 6, 12, or 24 h with or without PD168393 (PD, 10 µM)) pretreatment for 30 min. A Flow cytometry analysis of EGFR cell surface expression in BMDM. B Percentage of EGFR-positive macrophage is shown. C Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 3). D Flow cytometry analysis of EGFR cell surface expression in RAW264.7. E Percentage of EGFR-positive macrophage is shown. F Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 3). G – I Macrophages were collected from peritoneal lavage of C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP and were divided into Sham-operated, CLP and CLP plus Erlotinib (100 mg/kg, gavage) pretreatmend for 2 h, and peritoneal macrophages were identified with CD45 + CD11b + F4/80high. G EGFR intensity on the surface of peritoneal macrophage was analyzed by flow cytometry. H Percentage of EGFR-positive peritoneal macrophage is shown ( n = 9). I Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 9). J , K Blood was collected from patients with clinical sepsis or health donors, and blood mononuclear cells were identified with CD14 and CD11c. J EGFR intensity on the surface of Mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (20 Healthy donors and 33 Septic patients). K Percentage of EGFR-positive CD14 + CD11c + mononuclear cell is shown. The graphs depict mean ± SD based on three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against α-HA (51064-2-AP, proteintech Group), α-FLAG (20543-1-AP, proteintech Group), APC anti-mouse CD11b (APC-65055, proteintech Group) were purchased from proteintech Group.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and Rab GTPases coordinate EGFR trafficking to regulate macrophage activation in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05370-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – F BMDMs were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h with or without PD168393 (10 μM) pretreatment for 30 min. A RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of IL-1β ( n = 3). B RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of iNOS ( n = 3). C Western blot was used to detect the expression of iNOS. D iNOS expression on the surface of BMDM was analyzed by flow cytometry. E Percentage of iNOS -positive BMDM is shown ( n = 3). F Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 3). G – I Macrophages were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP and were divided into sham-operated, CLP and CLP plus Erlotinib (100 mg/kg, gavage) pretreatmend for 2 h, and alveolar macrophages were identified with CD45 + CD11b + F4/80high. G iNOS expression on the surface of alveolar macrophage was analyzed by flow cytometry. H Percentage of iNOS-positive alveolar macrophage is shown ( n = 9). I Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 9). J Cluster analysis of differentially expressed metabolites in RAW264.7 measured after treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 30 min with or without PD168393 (PD 10 μM) pretreatment for 30 min, when compared with control. Blue and red indicates down-or upregulation, respectively ( n = 3 samples of each condition). K Schematic illustrating the metabolites that are decreased (blue) in PD168393 (10 μM) RAW264.7 cells at 24 h after LPS stimulation. L PD168393 (10 μM) pretreatment RAW264.7 cells exhibited a ~2 -fold decrease in lactate levels compared with LPS group ( n = 3). M Representative western blots of HIF1-a, p-PKM2, PKM2, LDHA expression in RAW264.7 cells. The graphs depict mean ± SD based on three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against α-HA (51064-2-AP, proteintech Group), α-FLAG (20543-1-AP, proteintech Group), APC anti-mouse CD11b (APC-65055, proteintech Group) were purchased from proteintech Group.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and Rab GTPases coordinate EGFR trafficking to regulate macrophage activation in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05370-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – F RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h, with or without Erlotinib (20 μM) pretreatment for 30 min. A RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of M2-related genes Mcr1 ( n = 3). B RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of M2-related genes Ym1 ( n = 3). C Representative western blot of Arg1. D Flow cytometry analysis showing the level of M2 macrophage-associated markers CD206. E Percentage of CD206-positive RAW264.7 is shown ( n = 3). I Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 3). G – I Macrophages were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP and were divided into sham-operated, CLP and CLP plus Erlotinib (100 mg/kg, gavage) pretreatmend for 2 h, and alveolar macrophages were identified with CD45 + CD11b + F4/80high. G CD206 expression on the surface of alveolar macrophage was analyzed by flow cytometry. H Percentage of CD206-positive alveolar macrophage is shown ( n = 9). I Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 9). J Immunoblot analysis of p-PPARγ (Ser112), t-PPARγ in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 30 min with or without indicated concentration of PD168393 (10 μM) pretreatment for 30 min. K Fluorescence images depicting PPARγ translocation (left panel, scale bar, 50 μm; right panel, scale bar, 5 μm). L – N RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h with or without Erlotinib (10 μM) or Rosiglitazone (Rosi (20 μM) pretreatment. L Cell surface CD206 were analyzed by flow cytometry. M Percentage of CD206-positive RAW264.7 is shown ( n = 3). N Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 3). O – Q Macrophages were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP and were divided into Sham-operated, CLP and CLP plus Erlotinib (100 mg/kg, gavage) pretreatmend for 2 h, and alveolar macrophages were identified with CD45 + CD11b + F4/80high. O CD206 expression on the surface of alveolar macrophage was analyzed by flow cytometry. P Percentage of CD206-positive alveolar macrophage is shown ( n = 9). Q Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown ( n = 9). R – V RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 30 min with or without PD168393 (10 μM) pretreatment for 30 min. R Flow cytometry analysis of JC-1 for the detecting the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) (left panel, JC-1 aggregates; right panel, JC-1 monomers). S The ratio of JC-1 aggregates /JC-1 monomers was calculated as Δψm. T Total cellular ATP level was detected ( n = 3). U Immunoblot analysis of IRG1, ATP5A, SDHA, Tubulin as a loading control. V Immunoblot analysis of SDHA and IRG1 in Control or IRG1 silenced RAW264.7 cells, Tubulin as a loading control. The graphs depict mean ± SD based on three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against α-HA (51064-2-AP, proteintech Group), α-FLAG (20543-1-AP, proteintech Group), APC anti-mouse CD11b (APC-65055, proteintech Group) were purchased from proteintech Group.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Translocation Assay, Membrane, Control

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and Rab GTPases coordinate EGFR trafficking to regulate macrophage activation in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05370-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – E Macrophages were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP and were divided into sham-operated, CLP and CLP plus Erlotinib (100 mg/kg, gavage) pretreatmend for 2 h, and alveolar macrophages were identified with CD45 + CD11b + F4/80high. A iNOS and CD206 expression on the surface of alveolar macrophage were analyzed by flow cytometry. B Percentage of iNOS-positive alveolar macrophage is shown ( n = 9). C Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of iNOS is shown ( n = 9). D Percentage of CD206-positive alveolar macrophage is shown ( n = 9). E Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD206 is shown ( n = 9). F – J Mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (20 mg/kg) or an equal volume of PBS, after pretreatment with Erlotinib (100 mg/kg) for 2 h. F The BALF neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry with neutrophils markers (CD11b and Ly6G). G Percentage of CD11b + Ly6G+ positive alveolar macrophage is shown ( n = 9). H Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD11b + Ly6G+ is shown ( n = 9). I Immune-staining of iNOS and CD206 in Lung sections. J Lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Scale bar, 50 μm (upper panel) and 5 μm (lower panel). The graphs depict mean ± SD based on three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against α-HA (51064-2-AP, proteintech Group), α-FLAG (20543-1-AP, proteintech Group), APC anti-mouse CD11b (APC-65055, proteintech Group) were purchased from proteintech Group.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Injection, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: ARG1 could be expressed by human, but not represent for repair

doi: 10.1101/2020.07.02.183624

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The schematic diagram shows the time point after the pre-operation of GBR when tissues were harvested and the assays performed. (B and C) Analysis of RNA-seq data: both fpkm (B) and gene count (C) confirmed that ARG1 was not detected in the normal and inflammatory states, and its expression was low at the healing site, even when compared with other genes related to macrophages. (D) qPCR assay of ARG1 showed no significant differences between tissues from inflammatory and healing sites. Tissues were collected and digested to obtain single-cell suspensions for flow cytometry analysis. CD68and CD11b were used as markers for myeloid macrophages. iNOS and ARG1 were used as markers for M1 and M2 macrophages. (E) ARG1 expression was not detected in either group, and CD11b + CD68 + ARG1 + iNOS − macrophages were not observed using gated and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) dimension reduction to visualize high-dimensional data. (F) Immunofluorescent staining did not reveal ARG1 in any group. Hoechst staining appears as blue in color while ARG1 appears as red. (G) Detection of surface markers by flow cytometry analysis. High expression of CD68 (CD68-FITC, Clone Y1/82A) and low expression of Arg1 were evident in the three groups. The population size of CD11b + CD68 + ARG1 − iNOS + macrophages was very small. Abbreviations: NB, normal alveolar bone tissue; IP, inflammatory periodontal tissue; H, healing (tissue harvest after guided bone regeneration surgery), and N/A, undetected.

Article Snippet: Cells were isolated by trypsinization after cultured for 1 (THP-1 monocytes to macrophages) and 7 (THP-1 monocytes derived macrophages after culturing in different circumstances) days respectively, co-incubated with antibodies against iNOS (iNOS-PE, Clone 4E5, Novus Biologicals, USA), CD68 (CD68-FITC, Clone Y1/82A, Abcam, UK), CD11b (PerCP/Cy5.5®, Clone M1/70, Abcam, UK) and ARG1 (ARG1-PE/Cyanine, Clone 14D2C43, BioLegend, USA) at 1:400 dilution in the dark for 1 h at 4°C (100μl per antibody for each sample).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: ARG1 could be expressed by human, but not represent for repair

doi: 10.1101/2020.07.02.183624

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic diagram of the cell culture process and the time points for stimulation of macrophage differentiation, seeding macrophages in the different conditions, and performing the assays. (B) Light microscopy images of macrophages cultured under different conditions on Day 7. (C) Overlay of tSNE dimensionality reduction diagrams revealed the absence of AGR1 + macrophages in the flow cytometry analysis. (D) qPCR assay of ARG1 using Gapdh as the reference gene did not detect ARG1 in the four groups. (E-G) In contrast to the large population of CD11b + CD68 + macrophages (E) and CD68 + CD11b + iNOS + ARG − (F), CD68 + CD11b + iNOS − ARG1 + macrophages were not detected (G). Abbreviations: Ctrl, RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS; LPS, RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS and 10 ng/ml LPS; IL4, RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 ng/ml IL4; DBBM, RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS and 0.03 g/well DBBM; NS, no significance; N/A, undetected. *** denotes P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Cells were isolated by trypsinization after cultured for 1 (THP-1 monocytes to macrophages) and 7 (THP-1 monocytes derived macrophages after culturing in different circumstances) days respectively, co-incubated with antibodies against iNOS (iNOS-PE, Clone 4E5, Novus Biologicals, USA), CD68 (CD68-FITC, Clone Y1/82A, Abcam, UK), CD11b (PerCP/Cy5.5®, Clone M1/70, Abcam, UK) and ARG1 (ARG1-PE/Cyanine, Clone 14D2C43, BioLegend, USA) at 1:400 dilution in the dark for 1 h at 4°C (100μl per antibody for each sample).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Light Microscopy, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Manipulation of tissue factor-mediated basal PAR-2 signalling on macrophages determines sensitivity for IFNγ responsiveness and significantly modifies the phenotype of murine DTH

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999871

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAR-2 signalling reduces sensitivity to IFNγ by enhancing SOCS3 expression. (A). MCSF-derived BMM cultured for 3 hours with 100 µM PAR-2 agonist or maintained in MCSF (control) prior to the addition of escalating concentrations of IFNγ. Cells were then analysed by intracellular flow cytometry for iNOS expression. Data shows results from 3 (PAR-2) and 5 (control) separate groups of experiments. (B). Representative flow cytometry profiles of experiment described in Fig1A. (C). MCSF-derived BMM incubated with increasing concentrations of IFNγ (control), or primed beforehand with thrombin for 24 hours (Thrombin) or with thrombin and 100 µM PAR-2 agonist prior to IFNγ stimulation. Cells were then analysed by intracellular flow cytometry for iNOS expression. Data shows results from 3 experiments. The significance levels shown are in comparison to MCSF control at the same concentration of IFN. (D). CD206 (white bars) or iNOS (black bars) expression on F480+CD11b+ cells analysed by intracellular flow cytometry after 24 hours culture with increasing concentrations of PAR2 agonist. (E). qPCR data of MCSF-derived BMM treated for 24 hours with 100μM PAR-2 agonist (n=5) or maintained in MCSF (control) (n=4). (F). ABCA1 expression in MCSF-derived BMM incubated for 24 hours with escalating concentrations of PAR-2 agonist before analysis by flow cytometry. Data represents percentage change from control (MCSF) expression. Data from at least 3 separate experiments. (G, H). Relative SOCS3 expression by qPCR analysis of MCSF-derived BMM. In F, cells maintained in MCSF (n=10) for 24 hours (circle), or after 24 hours incubation with 100μM PAR-1 agonist (TFLLR-NH2) (n=6) (Triangle) or 100μM PAR-2 agonist (n=8) (Square). In H, cells maintained in MCSF for 24 hours (n=8) (white bar), or after 24 hours incubation with 100μM PAR-2 agonist +/- pre incubation for 24 hours with either 30pmol control siRNA (n=4) (blue bar) or 30pmol siRNA specific for Gαs (n=3) (purple bar). (I). MCSF-derived BMM incubated for 24 hours with 30pmol siRNA to SOCS3 (white bar) (n=3) or negative control siRNA (blue bar) (n=3), before a 3-hour incubation with 100µM PAR-2 agonist followed by 24-hour incubation with IFNγ (1ng/ml). iNOS expression compared to baseline and shown as % change in iNOS expression from MCSF treated cells as analysed by flow cytometry. (J). Relative JAK2 expression by qPCR analysis of MCSF-derived BMM maintained in MCSF (n=5) (white bar), or after 24 hours incubation with 100μM PAR-2 agonist (n=3) (blue bar). The PAR-2 agonist used in all experiments is 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide. All PCR data expression calculated relative to TBP. Samples were compared using a Mann Whitney U test with two tailed p-values (Fig 1I+J), and Kruskal–Wallis one-way anova for multiple comparisons (Fig1E-H). Bar data represents mean +SD. *P <0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001. ns, non significant.

Article Snippet: Surface antibodies were FITC – F4/80, APC- CD11b, PE-ABCA1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany) FITC-TF (Biorbyt, Cambridge, United Kingdom) or FITC-TF (American Diagnostica).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Control, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Comparison, Concentration Assay, Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test